Ebola virus disease west africa, 2014 preparing for and responding to potential cases in nyc new york city department of health and mental hygiene note. In this article, we present an overview of the pathogen, its epidemiology and transmission, clinical and laboratory manifestations, treatment and infection control procedures, with an emphasis on what is known about ebola virus disease in the pediatric population. Two new confirmed cases of ebola virus disease evd were reported in beni health zone on 10 and 12 april figure 1. Wild animals transmit the ebola virus to people, and the ebola virus spreads in the human. Describe main public health concern during an ebola. Ebola virus disease is considered to be zoonotic, with occasional spillovers to humans, apes, and possibly other animals. Ebola is one of several viral hemorrhagic fevers, caused by infection with a virus of the filoviridae. Ebola virus disease is a serious, often fatal condition in humans and nonhuman primates.
It is a severe, often fatal disease 50%90% fatality in humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. The viruses that cause evd are located mainly in subsaharan africa. These two questions were separated by three intervening questions, to improve the. Although many have died, with a case fatality ratio of approximately 50%, thousands have survived the disease. Ebola was first discovered in 1976 in what is now the democratic republic of congo near the ebola river. These viruses cause a disease characterised by systemic viral replication, immune suppression, abnormal inflammatory responses, major. Ebola virus disease, also known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a highly contagious disease with a 90% mortality rate. Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever viral diseases enivd. Ebola virus disease in west africathe first 9 months of. The time interval from infection with ebola to the onset of symptoms is 221 days, although 810 days is most common. Ebola virus, formally called zaire ebolavirus, is a rare virus that infects humans and nonhuman animals such as pigs and other primates. The frequency of symptoms and signs in these groups is shown in tables 1 and 2. The names ebola virus disease or marburg virus disease are now preferred by the world health organization who and some other groups.
Ebola virus, a rna virus, was discovered in 1976 as zaire ebolavirus and currently is responsible for outbreak in the west africa. Frequently asked questions on ebola virus disease evd. On rare occasions, ebola virus disease has resulted from accidental laboratory infections, and there is concern that the virus might be used as an agent of bioterrorism. Ebola virus disease ebola hemorrhagic fever emedicinehealth.
Introduction to ebola virus disease world health organization. The mucinliked region of the ebola virus envelope play a significant role in viral infection in nonhuman primates and. This interim guidance is intended to provide k12 district and school administrators educators with information on public health actions pertaining to ebola virus disease, help address their concerns about the risk of ebola in k12 schools in the united states, provide educators with information about situations that do not pose an actual. Information contained in these slides is constantly changing and updated every friday. Ebola virus disease evd general information what is ebola virus disease. You must have symptoms of evd and have had possible exposure to evd in order to be diagnosed with it. Ebola virus disease has a fatality rate of 50% to 90%. Most species of ebolaviruses and the only known species of marburgvirus occur.
If ebola virus disease is suspected based on the persons symptoms and exposure to ebola virus, such as close contact with an ebolainfected person, he or she should be isolated separated from other people and the local health department should be notified. Human to human transmission occurs through contact with body fluids from infected patients. Dec 17, 2019 in the week of 9 to 15 december 2019, 24 new confirmed ebola virus disease evd cases were reported from three health zones in two affected provinces in the democratic republic of the congo. It is one among several viruses within the genus ebolavirus. Ebola virus disease evd, or simply ebola, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. More than 2800 cases have been confirmed in the ongoing outbreak in dr congo. Limited evidence is available on pediatric disease course and prognosis. Ebola virus disease is the disease caused by ebola virus. Ebola virus disease evd, also referred to as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas.
Ebola virus disease, viral haemorrhagic fever, filovirus. Ebola virus disease is caused by the ebola virus and is one of a number of hemorrhagic fever diseases. Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal, zoonotic infection caused by a virus of the filoviridae family genus ebolavirus. Ebola virus belongs to the virus family known as filoviridae. Pdf currently, west africa is facing the largest outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in history.
Ebola virus disease evd is a rare and deadly disease most commonly affecting people and nonhuman primates monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Ray marks depressive symptoms among older adults with mild to moderate knee. Ebola virus disease evd is a lifethreatening viral disease with a fatality rate ranging from around 30% to 90%. Webmd explains the latest info on the rare but deadly disease ebola, including how its spread, symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention. Information and resources for public health and healthcare professionals on ebola virus disease. Ebola disease was first discovered in 1976 in what is now the democratic republic of congo near the ebola river. Includes disease information, the purpose of reporting and surveillance, legal reporting requirements, and resources such as case definition, reporting form, surveillance and reporting guideline, and more. Infections with ebola viruses originating from africa cause a severe. Tell your doctor about your symptoms and risk factors for example, all recent travel. Ebola is still very rare and have only occurred in some. Ebola virus disease share this page ebola virus disease evd. A virus is a tiny germ that you cannot see with the naked eye.
Healthcare workers october 31, 2014 ebola virus disease centers for disease control and prevention office of the director presentation is current through october 31, 2014 and will be updated every friday by 5pm. Ebola virus disease ebola virus disease is severe and often fatal. Ebola virus and marburg virus symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Ebola ebola virus disease ebola ebola virus disease fact sheet. Pdf ebola virus disease, management, and prevention. Aug 27, 2019 this years global nutrition cluster meeting in july, 2019, offered a platform on which to discuss all nutritionrelated humanitarian emergencies. Ebola virus disease outbreaks occur mainly in villages in central and west africa and have a mortality rate up to 90%. This years global nutrition cluster meeting in july, 2019, offered a platform on which to discuss all nutritionrelated humanitarian emergencies. While the origin is unknown, fruit bats are believed to be the most likely host. Jul 21, 2019 ebola isnt as contagious as more common viruses like colds, influenza, or measles. It first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in what is now nzara, south sudan, and the other in yambuku, drc.
Ebola is a virus that causes a serious and potentially lifethreatening infection. Later, as the disease progresses and worsens in severity, symptoms can include bleeding at various sites within or outside of the body. The ministry of health and who continue to closely monitor the outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in the democratic republic of the congo. Ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease caused by ebola virus a member of the filoviridae family or filoviruses that results in nonspecific symptoms see symptom section of this article early in the disease and often causes internal and external hemorrhage bleeding as the disease progresses. Ebola virus disease complications as experienced by survivors.
The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through humantohuman transmission. Ebola virus disease evd and breastfeeding in dr congo was an obvious topic. Emerging infection clinically affecting humans and. The symptoms usually begin with fever, headache, joint pain, muscle aches, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting. It is caused by an infection with one of five known ebola virus species, four of which can cause disease in people. Describe signs, symptoms, and transmission of ebola disease. Symptoms can appear 221 days after exposure, but usually within 810 days. The first evd outbreak was reported in the 1970s in zaire now the democratic.
Ebola can not be caught through routine social contact, such as shaking hands, with people who do not have symptoms. Symptoms, treatment, and causes medical news today. Ebola virus disease evd is a rare and deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates. Ebola virus disease articles case reports symptoms treatment, argentina. As of february 2016, 28 000 cases of ebola virus disease evd have been reported from the epidemic affecting west africa since december 20. The average ebola case fatality rate is around 50%.
There is no vaccine injection that prevents the illness or cure available for ebola. Frequently asked questions on ebola virus disease evd ebola background what is ebola. Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. On 27 june 2018, all the people who were exposed to the last confirmed evd casepatient completed their mandatory 21day follow up without developing symptoms. On march 23, 2014, the world health organization who announced that an ebola virus outbreak that started in the republic of guinea in december 20 had spread to numerous west african countries. Prior to this, the last person who was confirmed to have evd in the democratic republic of the congo tested negative twice. In 2014, west african countries guinea, liberia, and sierra leone. Case definition recommendations for ebola or marburg virus diseases. Ebola diseasealso called ebola hemorrhagic fever or ebola feveris a rare and often fatal illness that humans and nonhuman primates can contract. People can get evd through direct contact with an infected animal bat or nonhuman primate or a sick or dead person infected with ebola virus.
Ebola virus disease complications as experienced by. The majority of these new confirmed cases are from mabalako 2224. The burden of disease was highest in sierra leone with 14 000 reported cases. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. The incubation period the time interval from infection to onset of symptoms is between 2 and 21 days people are only infectious once they develop. Ebola virus disease cases by classification and health zones in north kivu and ituri provinces, democratic republic of the congo, as of 15 december 2019. Sudan ebolavirus, zaire ebolavirus, tai forest ivory coast ebolavirus, reston ebolavirus, and bundibugyo ebolavirus. Ebola virus and marburg virus are related viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers illnesses marked by severe bleeding hemorrhage, organ failure and, in many cases, death.
There are four different strains of the ebola virus that cause ebola hemorrhagic fever. Evd is transmitted by wild animaltohuman and humantohuman infection. Ebola virus disease evd is one of numerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. Theres currently no licensed treatment or vaccine for ebola virus disease, although vaccines and drug therapies are being developed and tested.
Both cases passed away in the community after visiting several healthcare facilities. Both tests are intended for the pre sumptive identification of ebola virus in patients with signs and symptoms of ebola virus infection and. Ebola virus disease evd or ebola haemorrhagic fever is a fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates caused by the ebola virus. Currently, there are evd outbreaks in several western african nations, including guinea, liberia, sierra leone and parts of nigeria. Recognizing evd from the early nonspecific symptoms is challenging. Fruit bats belonging to the pteropodidae family are thought to be the natural hosts of the ebola virus, although the virus has not been isolated yet from bats in natural conditions. Ebola disease is caused by the ebola virus and is one of a number of hemorrhagic fever diseases. The latter occurred in a village near the ebola river, from which the disease takes its name. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. Both viruses are native to africa, where sporadic outbreaks have occurred for decades. What you should know thomas jerome baker with news of the first diagnosed case of ebola in the u. This fact sheet sets out the recommendations of the comite sur les infections nosocomiales du quebec cinq2 for ebola virus disease prevention and control measures for quebec hospitals.
Leone, and guinea and who are exhibiting ebola symptoms in a private room with a private bathroom and implement standard, contact, and droplet precautions gown, facemask, eye protection, and gloves. Interhuman spread of ebola virus in the african epi. Ebola virus disease evd is a severe, often fatal illness that affects humans and other primates such as gorillas, chimpanzees, and monkeys. Ebola virus disease evd pan american health organization. There is no specific treatment for ebola other than close monitoring and supportive. Acip ebola virus disease october, 2019 keywords acip, cdc, ebola virus, disease, 2018 evd outbreak eastern drc, case counts as of september 29, 2019, ziare ebolavirus, signs and symptoms, progression of disease, evd sequalae among survivors, treatment, ebolo disease in the u.
Clinicians are uniquely tasked to distinguish between evd and common pediatric illnesses, as children with evd may present with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Ebola is a serious illness that is caused by a virus. Read about causes, vaccine, treatment, symptoms, transmission, and prevention. Evaluating patients for possible ebola virus disease. Jun 30, 2015 ebola disease also called ebola hemorrhagic fever or ebola feveris a rare and often fatal illness that humans and nonhuman primates can contract.
Ebola virus disease evd is a severe, often fatal, viral disease. An outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in west africa, with onset in. The ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. Cdc fact sheet ebola virus disease centers for disease control. Jun 01, 2016 as of february 2016, 28 000 cases of ebola virus disease evd have been reported from the epidemic affecting west africa since december 20. Of these, only four are known to cause disease in people ebola. Ebola disease ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Ebola virus disease argentina pdf ppt case reports. The genus ebolavirus is currently classified into 5 separate species. May 23, 2017 ebola virus disease is a serious, often fatal condition in humans and nonhuman primates.
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